Saudi Arabia, a vast desert kingdom in the Middle East, is a land of contrasts and deep cultural significance. As the birthplace of Islam, it is home to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in the Islamic world, drawing millions of pilgrims annually. Beyond its religious importance, the country boasts a rich history, from ancient trade routes and archaeological wonders like AlUla to modern urban developments such as Riyadh’s King Abdullah Financial District and the ambitious futuristic city of NEOM. Its diverse landscapes range from vast deserts and towering dunes to the stunning Red Sea coastline and lush mountain retreats like Abha. Renowned for its oil wealth, Saudi Arabia is undergoing rapid transformation, blending its traditions with modernity and opening its doors to global tourism, offering visitors a unique and evolving experience.
Historical Diriyah: Located just outside Riyadh, Diriyah is a UNESCO World Heritage site and the birthplace of the first Saudi state. Its restored mud-brick architecture, winding alleys, and cultural museums offer a window into the kingdom’s early history and heritage.
Mecca and Medina: As the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina hold deep spiritual significance. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, the focal point of the Hajj pilgrimage, while Medina houses the Prophet’s Mosque, one of the largest and most revered mosques in the world. These sacred sites are open only to Muslims.
Nabatean Rock Art Sites: In the northwest region of AlUla, visitors can explore ancient tombs, rock carvings, and archaeological ruins from the Nabatean civilization. Sites like Hegra (Madain Salih - another UNESCO World Heritage site) mirror the grandeur of Petra and provide an awe-inspiring look at pre-Islamic Arabian history.
Red Sea Coast: Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coastline features pristine beaches, coral reefs, and crystal-clear waters ideal for diving, snorkeling, and water sports. With growing tourism infrastructure, the region is quickly becoming a destination for relaxation and marine exploration.
Riyadh: The modern capital of Saudi Arabia offers contemporary architecture, luxury shopping, and cultural landmarks. Highlights include the Masmak Fortress, Kingdom Centre Tower, and a growing number of museums and galleries that celebrate Saudi culture, art, and history.
The best time to visit Saudi Arabia depends on your planned activities and the regions you wish to explore, as the country spans diverse landscapes and climates. Winter months (December to February) are ideal, especially for city visits and desert excursions, with average temperatures ranging from 14°C in Riyadh to 23°C in Jeddah. These months offer more comfortable conditions for sightseeing, hiking, and outdoor festivals.
Summer (June to August) can be extremely hot, with daytime temperatures often exceeding 38°C, particularly in the central and southern deserts. Travel during this time is better suited to indoor cultural experiences or coastal regions like Jeddah, where the heat is tempered by sea breezes.
If you're planning a visit during Ramadan or other significant religious events, be mindful that operating hours for restaurants, attractions, and shops may shift, and public customs will change accordingly. Checking the Islamic calendar before planning your trip is highly recommended.
Currency: Saudi Riyal (SAR), subdivided into 100 halalas. Credit cards are widely accepted in urban areas, and ATMs are easily accessible.
Language: Arabic is the official language. English is commonly used in business and tourism, particularly in major cities. Visitors are encouraged to learn a few basic Arabic phrases as a sign of respect.
What makes it special: Saudi Arabia offers ancient tradition, religious significance, and rapid modernisation. From the sweeping sands of the Empty Quarter to the towering cliffs of AlUla, and from cutting-edge urban developments in Riyadh and Jeddah to sacred Islamic landmarks, the country reveals a unique cultural richness. Recent efforts to open the kingdom to tourism have created new opportunities for travellers to explore UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Red Sea coastlines and souks.
Social customs: Respect for Islamic principles and local traditions is essential when visiting Saudi Arabia. Here are key customs to keep in mind:
Greetings are typically warm, involving a handshake or cheek kisses between people of the same gender.
Modest dress is required: women must wear an abaya in public; men should avoid shorts and sleeveless shirts.
Gender segregation may be observed in restaurants, public transport, and other venues.
During Ramadan, refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours.
Fridays are the Islamic holy day; many businesses close or operate on reduced hours.
Tipping is customary, particularly in restaurants and for drivers or hotel staff—10–15% is appreciated.
Photography of people, especially women or in conservative areas, requires permission.
Gift-giving is a valued gesture, ideally offered with the right hand or both hands.
Travelling respectfully and observing local etiquette enhances your experience and fosters genuine connections with Saudi hospitality.
